@font-face {
  font-family: "Noto Sans Devanagari";
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 400 900;
  font-display: swap;
  src: url("../fonts/noto-sans-devanagari-variable.woff2") format("woff2");
  unicode-range: U+0900-097F, U+1CD0-1CF9, U+200C-200D, U+20A8, U+20B9, U+20F0, U+25CC, U+A830-A839, U+A8E0-A8FF, U+11B00-11B09;
}

/* Portfolio layout inspired by the reference site's calm editorial structure. */
:root {
  --ink: #173134;
  --muted: #5a6d70;
  --paper: #fff;
  --surface: #fff;
  --surface-muted: #fafafa;
  --surface-tint: #eff6ff;
  --surface-hover: #e7f0ff;
  --line: #e2e8f0;
  --deep-red: #b45c42;
  --river: #096f70;
  --leaf: #527c65;
  --gold: #d2a061;
  --night: #123d42;
  --shadow: 0 22px 56px rgba(17, 54, 58, .11);
  --radius: 3px;
  --max: 1160px;
  --page-gutter: clamp(18px, 4vw, 48px);
  --minimum-text-size: .88rem;
  --section-kicker-size: calc(1.1rem - 1pt);
  --home-hero-heading-size: calc(clamp(2.5rem, 4vw, 4.2rem) - 12pt);
  --secondary-heading-cap: calc(var(--home-hero-heading-size) - 2pt);
  --section-title-size: min(clamp(1.65rem, 2.35vw, 2.35rem), var(--secondary-heading-cap));
  --focus-section-title-size: min(clamp(1.7rem, 2.3vw, 2.3rem), var(--secondary-heading-cap));
  --profile-title-size: min(clamp(1.75rem, 2.4vw, 2.4rem), var(--secondary-heading-cap));
  --contact-title-size: min(clamp(2.1rem, 3vw, 3rem), var(--secondary-heading-cap));
  --origin-title-size: min(clamp(1.65rem, 2vw, 2.05rem), var(--secondary-heading-cap));
  --page-title-size: min(clamp(2.1rem, 3.2vw, 3.15rem), var(--secondary-heading-cap));
  --article-title-size: min(clamp(2.1rem, 3vw, 3.15rem), var(--secondary-heading-cap));
  --focus-card-title-base: min(1.24rem, var(--secondary-heading-cap));
  --panel-title-base: min(1.5rem, var(--secondary-heading-cap));
  --panel-title-size: min(var(--panel-title-base), calc(var(--section-title-size) - 1pt));
}
html[lang="en"] { --hero-card-max: 502px; --hero-portrait-height: 350px; }
html[lang="ne"] { --hero-card-max: 507px; --hero-portrait-height: 354px; }

html { scroll-padding-top: 92px; }
body {
  position: relative;
  isolation: isolate;
  background-color: var(--paper);
  background-image: radial-gradient(ellipse at 60% 0%, rgba(37, 99, 235, .11), rgba(239, 246, 255, .5) 42%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 74%);
  background-position: center 80px;
  background-size: 100% 620px;
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  font-family: Inter, "Noto Sans Devanagari", "Nirmala UI", "Segoe UI", Arial, sans-serif;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
/* A quiet grid fades into the white page beneath the introductory content. */
body::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  z-index: -1;
  top: 80px;
  right: 0;
  left: 0;
  height: 560px;
  background-image: linear-gradient(rgba(100, 116, 139, .045) 1px, transparent 1px), linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(100, 116, 139, .045) 1px, transparent 1px);
  background-size: 56px 56px;
  mask-image: linear-gradient(#000, transparent);
  pointer-events: none;
}
html[lang="ne"] body {
  font-family: "Noto Sans Devanagari", "Nirmala UI", "Segoe UI", Arial, sans-serif;
}
button, input, textarea { font: inherit; }
:is(a, button, input, textarea, summary):focus-visible {
  outline: 3px solid rgba(180, 92, 66, .55);
  outline-offset: 3px;
}
h1, h2, h3 { letter-spacing: -.035em; }
html[lang="ne"] h1,
html[lang="ne"] h2,
html[lang="ne"] h3 { letter-spacing: 0; }
h1 { font-size: clamp(2.5rem, 4vw, 4.2rem); line-height: 1.08; }
h2 { font-size: clamp(1.65rem, 2.35vw, 2.35rem); line-height: 1.18; }
h3 { font-size: 1.15rem; }
p { line-height: 1.65; }
main { width: min(var(--max), calc(100% - var(--page-gutter) - var(--page-gutter))); }

/* Navigation */
.site-header {
  width: 100%;
  min-height: 80px;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 12px max(var(--page-gutter), calc((100% - var(--max)) / 2));
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, .96);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  box-shadow: 0 5px 20px rgba(18, 61, 66, .035);
}
.brand { gap: 11px; line-height: 1.12; color: var(--ink); white-space: nowrap; }
.brand > span:last-child { display: grid; gap: 3px; font-size: .98rem; font-weight: 800; }
.brand > span:last-child::after {
  content: "COMPUTER VISION · AI RESEARCH";
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: var(--minimum-text-size);
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: .12em;
}
html[lang="en"] .brand > span:last-child::after { font-size: calc(var(--minimum-text-size) - 2pt); }
html[lang="ne"] .brand > span:last-child::after { content: "कम्प्युटर दृष्टि · कृत्रिम बुद्धिमत्ता"; }
.brand-mark {
  width: 43px; height: 43px;
  flex: 0 0 43px;
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 2px solid #fff;
  border-radius: 50%;
  outline: 1px solid #b9cfc8;
  background: #fff;
}
.brand-mark img { display: block; width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; object-position: center 38%; }
.site-nav {
  order: 1;
  margin-left: auto;
  gap: 20px;
  padding: 0;
  border: 0;
  border-radius: 0;
  background: none;
  box-shadow: none;
}
.site-nav > a { position: relative; padding: 12px 0; border-radius: 0; font-size: var(--minimum-text-size); font-weight: 700; }
.site-nav > a.active, .site-nav > a:hover { background: none; color: var(--river); }
.site-nav > a.active::after {
  content: ""; position: absolute; bottom: 5px; left: 0; right: 0;
  height: 2px; background: var(--river);
}
.language-switch {
  order: 2;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  margin-left: 2px;
  padding: 3px 0 3px 18px;
  border-radius: 0;
  background: none;
  font-size: var(--minimum-text-size);
}
.language-switch a {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  min-height: 32px;
  padding: 2px 3px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-weight: 700;
  text-decoration: none;
}
.language-switch a:hover, .language-switch a.active-lang { color: var(--river); }
.language-switch a.active-lang { text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 5px; }
.nav-toggle { order: 3; flex-shrink: 0; cursor: pointer; }

/* Floating desktop navigation overlays the centered page and can be repositioned. */
.quick-menu { display: none; }
@media (min-width: 901px) {
  .has-quick-menu:has(> .article-page) { --max: 1040px; }
  .quick-menu:not([hidden]) {
    position: fixed;
    top: 50%;
    right: var(--page-gutter);
    z-index: 15;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    width: 138px;
    max-height: calc(100dvh - 196px);
    overflow-y: auto;
    padding: 8px;
    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-radius: 6px;
    background: var(--surface);
    box-shadow: 0 8px 28px rgba(17, 54, 58, .09);
    transform: translateY(-50%);
  }
  .quick-menu-heading {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    width: 100%;
    margin: 0 0 3px;
    padding: 4px 6px;
    border: 0;
    background: transparent;
    color: var(--muted);
    font-size: calc(var(--minimum-text-size) - 2pt);
    font-weight: 800;
    letter-spacing: .07em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    text-align: left;
    cursor: grab;
    touch-action: none;
    user-select: none;
  }
  .quick-menu-heading::after { content: "⋮⋮"; margin-left: auto; color: var(--line-strong); letter-spacing: -.2em; }
  .quick-menu-heading:hover,
  .quick-menu-heading:focus-visible { color: var(--river); }
  .quick-menu.is-dragging { box-shadow: 0 14px 38px rgba(17, 54, 58, .18); }
  .quick-menu.is-dragging .quick-menu-heading { cursor: grabbing; }
  .quick-menu > a,
  .quick-menu-top {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    min-height: 34px;
    padding: 6px;
    border: 0;
    border-radius: 3px;
    background: transparent;
    color: var(--muted);
    font-size: calc(var(--minimum-text-size) - 2pt);
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.4;
    text-align: left;
    text-decoration: none;
    cursor: pointer;
  }
  .quick-menu > a:hover,
  .quick-menu > a.active,
  .quick-menu-top:hover {
    background: var(--surface-hover);
    color: var(--river);
  }
  .quick-menu-top {
    margin-top: 4px;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-radius: 0;
  }
}

@media (min-width: 901px) and (max-width: 1100px) {
  .has-quick-menu .brand > span:last-child::after { display: none; }
}

/* Hero */
.hero {
  min-height: 0;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.2fr) minmax(350px, .8fr);
  gap: clamp(24px, 3.5vw, 52px);
  padding: 32px 0 27px;
}
.hero-copy { min-width: 0; }
.eyebrow, .section-kicker, .post-type {
  color: var(--river);
  font-size: var(--minimum-text-size);
  font-weight: 850;
  letter-spacing: .15em;
}
.eyebrow,
.section-kicker,
.writing-section-heading .section-kicker { font-size: var(--section-kicker-size); }
.hero .eyebrow { margin-bottom: 15px; }
.hero h1 { max-width: none; margin-bottom: 15px; font-size: calc(clamp(2.5rem, 4vw, 4.2rem) - 6pt); }
html[lang="en"] .hero h1 { font-size: calc(clamp(2.5rem, 4vw, 4.2rem) - 12pt); }
html[lang="ne"] .hero h1 { font-size: calc(clamp(2.5rem, 4vw, 4.2rem) - 12pt); }
.hero-text { max-width: 670px; margin-bottom: 0; font-size: 1.06rem; line-height: 1.58; }
html[lang="en"] .hero-text { width: 100%; max-width: none; }
.hero-actions { gap: 12px; margin-top: 22px; }
.button {
  gap: 15px;
  min-height: 51px;
  padding: 12px 21px;
  border-radius: 2px;
  font-size: .88rem;
  font-weight: 750;
  transition: transform .18s ease, background .18s ease;
}
.button:hover { transform: translateY(-2px); }
.button.primary { border-color: var(--river); background: var(--river); }
.button.primary:hover { background: #075b5b; }
.button.secondary { border-color: #a8c1bb; background: transparent; }
.button.secondary:hover { background: var(--surface-hover); }
.button-label-short { display: none; }
.cv-download-menu { position: relative; }
.cv-download-menu summary { list-style: none; cursor: pointer; }
.cv-download-menu summary::-webkit-details-marker { display: none; }
.cv-download-menu summary::after {
  content: "↓";
  margin-left: 2px;
  color: var(--river);
  font-weight: 850;
}
.cv-download-menu[open] summary { border-color: var(--river); background: var(--surface-tint); }
.cv-download-options {
  position: absolute;
  top: calc(100% + 8px);
  right: 0;
  z-index: 20;
  display: grid;
  width: 224px;
  padding: 6px;
  border: 1px solid #b9ccc7;
  border-radius: 2px;
  background: #fff;
  box-shadow: 0 16px 36px rgba(17, 54, 58, .16);
}
.cv-download-options a {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
  gap: 3px 12px;
  padding: 10px 11px;
  color: var(--ink);
  text-decoration: none;
}
.cv-download-options a + a { border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.cv-download-options a:hover { background: var(--surface-hover); }
.cv-download-options strong { color: var(--river); font-size: .9rem; }
.cv-download-options span { align-self: center; color: var(--muted); font-size: var(--minimum-text-size); }
.hero-assurance {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.2fr) minmax(0, .8fr);
  gap: 20px;
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 680px;
  margin-top: 27px;
  padding-top: 16px;
  border-top: 1px solid #cbd7d3;
}
.hero-assurance span {
  display: grid;
  gap: 3px;
  padding: 11px 13px;
  border-left: 2px solid rgba(29, 111, 120, .32);
  background: rgba(239, 246, 255, .85);
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: var(--minimum-text-size);
  line-height: 1.4;
}
.hero-assurance strong { color: var(--river); font-size: .9rem; }
@media (min-width: 720px) {
  .hero-assurance span:nth-child(2) { white-space: nowrap; }
}
.hero-visual {
  display: block;
  justify-self: end;
  width: min(100%, var(--hero-card-max));
  min-height: 0;
  padding: 20px;
  overflow: visible;
  background: var(--night);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}
.hero-visual::before {
  inset: 15px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(226, 244, 239, .17);
  border-radius: 0;
  background: none;
  box-shadow: none;
  pointer-events: none;
}
.hero-visual::after {
  content: "◌";
  position: absolute;
  top: 22px; right: 27px;
  color: rgba(212, 232, 226, .25);
  font-size: 4rem;
  line-height: 1;
}
.portrait-frame {
  width: 100%;
  height: var(--hero-portrait-height);
  aspect-ratio: auto;
  border: 0;
  border-radius: 0;
  box-shadow: none;
  background: #dce7df;
}
.portrait-frame img { object-fit: cover; object-position: center 28%; }
.portrait-caption {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  display: grid;
  justify-self: stretch;
  justify-items: start;
  gap: 2px;
  margin-top: 12px;
  color: #f5faf7;
  text-align: left;
}
.portrait-caption strong { font-size: 1.02rem; }
.portrait-caption span { color: #bbd4d0; font-size: var(--minimum-text-size); }
.scroll-cue { display: none; }

/* Shared section rhythm */
.metrics-band, .origin-band, .profiles, .editorial-guide, .gallery-note {
  border-radius: 0; box-shadow: none;
}
.metrics-band {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(6, minmax(0, 1fr));
  margin: 0 0 36px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: var(--line);
}
.metrics-band div, .metrics-band a {
  display: grid;
  align-content: center;
  min-height: 90px;
  padding: 14px 16px;
  background: var(--surface-tint);
}
.metrics-band a:hover { background: var(--surface-hover); }
.metrics-band strong { color: var(--night); font-size: calc(1.72rem - 2pt); font-weight: 850; letter-spacing: -.05em; white-space: nowrap; }
.metrics-band span { font-size: var(--minimum-text-size); font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.3; }
.section-grid, .news-section, .timeline-section, .two-column, .profiles, .contact-section, .origin-band {
  margin-bottom: 39px;
}
.section-heading { max-width: none; margin-bottom: 18px; }
.section-heading h2 { margin-bottom: 0; }
.section-grid { gap: 14px; }
.section-grid > div:first-child { max-width: none; }
.section-grid h2 { font-size: clamp(1.7rem, 2.3vw, 2.3rem); }
.focus-grid { gap: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); border-left: 1px solid var(--line); }
.focus-card {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  min-height: 0;
  padding: 22px 24px 24px;
  border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;
  border-radius: 0;
  box-shadow: none;
  background: #fff;
}
.focus-card:hover, .panel:hover, .publication-card:hover, .writing-entry:hover,
.gallery-item:hover, .timeline-content:hover { box-shadow: none; transform: none; border-color: var(--line); }
.focus-card:hover { background: var(--surface-tint); }
.focus-card h3 { font-size: 1.24rem; }
.focus-card p { flex: 1; max-width: none; font-size: .95rem; line-height: 1.5; }
.focus-card-image {
  flex-shrink: 0;
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 100%;
  margin: 18px 0 0;
  padding-top: 0;
  aspect-ratio: 1482 / 359;
  height: auto;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 0;
  background: none;
}
.focus-card-image img { object-fit: contain; object-position: center; }

/* News and career */
.news-section .section-heading { margin-bottom: 16px; }
.news-card { padding: 5px 0 10px; border: 0; border-top: 2px solid var(--night); border-radius: 0; background: none; box-shadow: none; }
.news-item { grid-template-columns: minmax(88px, max-content) minmax(167px, max-content) minmax(0, 1fr); padding: 8px 0; border-bottom-color: var(--line); }
.news-item time { color: var(--river); }
.news-item time, .news-item p { font-size: var(--minimum-text-size); }
.news-tags {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 112px 46px;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  width: 164px;
}
.news-item .news-tag, .news-item .news-new { font-size: calc(var(--minimum-text-size) - 2pt); }
.news-tag--media { background: rgba(180, 92, 66, .11); color: var(--deep-red); }
.news-source-link {
  margin-left: 5px;
  color: var(--river);
  font-weight: 750;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.news-source-link:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
.news-item .news-tag,
.news-item .news-new {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  width: 100%;
}
.news-item .news-new[hidden] { display: none; }
html[lang="ne"] .news-item .news-tag,
html[lang="ne"] .news-item .news-new { font-size: calc(var(--minimum-text-size) - 1pt); }
.news-tag { border-radius: 1px; }
.news-toggle { margin-top: 8px; font-size: var(--minimum-text-size); }
.timeline { padding: 0; border-top: 2px solid var(--night); }
.timeline article {
  grid-template-columns: 190px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 34px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.timeline article::before, .timeline article::after { display: none; }
.timeline article[hidden] { display: none; }
.timeline-meta { justify-items: start; padding: 16px 0; background: transparent; text-align: left; }
.timeline-meta span { padding: 0; background: none; border-radius: 0; color: var(--muted); font-size: var(--minimum-text-size); }
.timeline-meta .timeline-date { color: var(--river); font-size: var(--minimum-text-size); }
.timeline-content { grid-column: 2; margin: 0; padding: 15px 0 16px; border: 0; border-radius: 0; background: transparent; box-shadow: none; }
.timeline h3 { font-size: 1.2rem; }
html[lang="en"] .timeline-meta .timeline-date { text-transform: uppercase; }
html[lang="en"] .timeline h3 { font-size: calc(1.2rem - 1pt); }
.timeline-org { color: var(--river); font-size: .89rem; }
.timeline summary, .pub-details summary { border-radius: 2px; color: var(--river); border-color: #b9d0ca; }
.experience-toggle { margin-top: 10px; }

/* Credentials use the reference site's ruled column format. */
.credentials-section { margin-bottom: 39px; }
.credentials-section .two-column { margin-bottom: 0; }
.two-column {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 36px;
  align-items: start;
  padding: 0;
  background: transparent;
}
.credentials-grid {
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.12fr) minmax(0, .94fr) minmax(0, 1.04fr);
  gap: clamp(22px, 2.4vw, 34px);
}
.two-column .panel {
  min-width: 0;
  padding: 0;
  border: 0;
  border-radius: 0;
  background: none;
  box-shadow: none;
}
.two-column .panel h2 {
  margin: 0;
  padding-bottom: 11px;
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--night);
  font-size: 1.5rem;
}
.two-column .stacked-list,
.two-column .service-list,
.two-column .service-sublist { gap: 0; }
.two-column .stacked-list article,
.two-column .stacked-list article:first-child {
  padding: 13px 0;
  border: 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.two-column .stacked-list article h3 { margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.03rem; }
.two-column .stacked-list article p { margin-bottom: 0; font-size: var(--minimum-text-size); }
.two-column .degree-meta {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 3px 16px;
  margin-top: 5px;
  color: var(--muted);
  line-height: 1.35;
}
.two-column .degree-meta span:first-child { color: var(--river); font-weight: 750; }
.two-column .thesis-link {
  margin-top: 7px;
  padding: 3px 0 3px 10px;
  border: 0;
  border-left: 2px solid #b5cbc5;
  border-radius: 0;
  background: none;
  box-shadow: none;
}
.two-column .thesis-link:hover { background: none; border-left-color: var(--river); }
.two-column .service-row {
  gap: 5px;
  padding: 13px 0;
  border: 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 0;
  background: none;
  box-shadow: none;
}
.two-column .service-sublist a {
  gap: 2px;
  padding: 5px 0;
  border: 0;
  border-radius: 0;
  background: none;
}
.two-column .service-sublist a:hover { background: none; color: var(--river); }
.two-column .service-tags span { padding: 3px 7px; border-radius: 2px; background: #fff; }

/* Keep degree titles and service roles prominent; lighten supporting details. */
.credentials-grid .service-row > span { font-weight: 700; }
.credentials-grid .stacked-list .timeline-org,
.credentials-grid .degree-meta span:first-child,
.credentials-grid .thesis-link,
.credentials-grid .thesis-link strong,
.credentials-grid .service-sublist span,
.credentials-grid .service-sublist strong,
.credentials-grid .service-tags span { font-weight: 400; }
.credentials-grid .thesis-link > span { font-weight: 500; }

.skills-list { display: grid; gap: 0; }
.skill-group {
  padding: 13px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.skill-group h3 {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--deep-red);
  font-size: .82rem;
  font-weight: 850;
  letter-spacing: .035em;
  line-height: 1.35;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.skill-group p {
  margin: 4px 0 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: var(--minimum-text-size);
  line-height: 1.48;
  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}
html[lang="ne"] .skill-group h3 {
  font-size: var(--minimum-text-size);
  letter-spacing: 0;
  text-transform: none;
}
/* Profiles are editorial directories rather than boxed buttons. */
.profiles {
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  gap: 24px;
  padding: 0;
  border: 0;
  background: none;
}
.profiles > div:first-child { padding-bottom: 16px; border-bottom: 2px solid var(--night); }
.profiles h2 { max-width: none; margin: 0; font-size: clamp(1.75rem, 2.4vw, 2.4rem); }
.profile-links { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 36px; }
.profile-group { align-content: start; gap: 11px; }
.profile-group-label { color: var(--river); }
.profile-group-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.profile-links a { border-radius: 0; background: none; backdrop-filter: none; }
.profile-group-grid a {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 32px minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
  gap: 12px;
  min-height: 56px;
  padding: 11px 2px;
  border: 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: none;
}
.profile-group-grid a::after { content: "↗"; align-self: center; color: var(--river); font-size: 1.1rem; font-weight: 500; }
.profile-group-grid a:hover { padding-left: 7px; border-color: var(--river); background: var(--surface-tint); }
.profile-links img, .profile-links .researchgate-logo, .profile-links .scopus-profile img { width: 25px; height: 25px; }

/* Contact uses a clear invitation and a quiet form surface. */
.contact-section {
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, .82fr) minmax(0, 1.18fr);
  gap: clamp(28px, 4vw, 58px);
  align-items: start;
  padding: clamp(28px, 3.5vw, 46px);
  border: 0;
  border-radius: 0;
  background: var(--surface-tint);
  color: var(--ink);
  box-shadow: none;
}
.contact-intro .section-kicker { color: var(--river); }
.contact-intro h2 { margin-bottom: 16px; color: var(--night); font-size: clamp(2.1rem, 3vw, 3rem); }
.contact-intro > p:not(.section-kicker) { max-width: 42ch; color: var(--muted); line-height: 1.6; }
.contact-intro .consulting-profile {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 14px;
  margin-top: 30px;
  padding: 17px 0;
  border: 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 0;
  background: none;
  box-shadow: none;
}
.contact-intro .consulting-profile:hover { background: none; border-color: var(--river); }
.consulting-note::after { display: none; }
.contact-intro .consulting-profile .upwork-logo {
  float: none;
  flex: 0 0 76px;
  width: 76px;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 7px;
  border: 0;
  border-radius: 2px;
  background: #fff;
}
.contact-intro .consulting-profile span { display: grid; gap: 4px; min-width: 0; }
.contact-intro .consulting-profile em { margin: 0; color: var(--river); letter-spacing: .02em; text-transform: none; }
.contact-intro .consulting-profile small { margin: 0; color: var(--muted); font-weight: 650; }
.contact-form { gap: 16px 18px; padding: clamp(20px, 2.4vw, 30px); background: var(--surface); }
.contact-form label:nth-of-type(3) { grid-column: 1 / -1; }
.contact-form input, .contact-form textarea { border-color: #c6d5d0; border-radius: 2px; background: #fff; }
.contact-form input { min-height: 45px; }
.contact-form textarea { min-height: 125px; }
.contact-form button { min-width: 170px; }

/* Origin reads as one compact narrative. */
.origin-band {
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 15px;
  padding: 30px 0;
  border: 0;
  border-top: 2px solid var(--night);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: none;
}
.origin-intro { gap: 5px; }
.origin-intro h2 { max-width: 900px; margin-bottom: 0; font-size: clamp(1.65rem, 2vw, 2.05rem); line-height: 1.22; }
.origin-copy { width: 100%; max-width: none; gap: 10px; }
.origin-copy p { max-width: none; margin: 0; color: var(--ink); font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6; }
.origin-copy .origin-footprint { color: var(--muted); font-size: .94rem; }

/* Publications, writing and gallery */
.page-hero { margin: 0 0 17px; padding: 40px 0 18px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.page-hero h1, .publication-hero h1, .writing-hero h1 { max-width: none; font-size: clamp(2.1rem, 3.2vw, 3.15rem); }
.page-hero p { max-width: 980px; line-height: 1.55; }
.publication-hero > p:not(.eyebrow) { width: 100%; max-width: none; }
.publication-controls { gap: 7px; margin-bottom: 12px; }
.filter-button { border-radius: 2px; font-size: var(--minimum-text-size); font-weight: 750; }
.filter-button.active, .filter-button:hover { background: var(--night); }
.publication-list { gap: 0; border-top: 2px solid var(--night); }
.publication-card {
  grid-template-columns: minmax(195px, .27fr) minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 24px;
  padding: 14px 0;
  border-width: 0 0 1px;
  border-radius: 0;
  box-shadow: none;
  background: none;
}
.pub-visual { border: 1px solid var(--line); }
.pub-body { padding: 4px 0; }
.publication-card h2 { font-size: 1.25rem; }
.pub-original-title,
.other-pub-original {
  display: block;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: var(--minimum-text-size);
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1.45;
}
.pub-original-title { margin: -2px 0 10px; }
.other-pub-original { margin: 4px 0 7px; }
.pub-actions a { border-radius: 2px; }
.pub-details .source-language-note { margin: 0 0 10px; color: var(--river); font-size: var(--minimum-text-size); font-weight: 750; }
.other-publications { border-top: 2px solid var(--night); }
.other-pub-list { gap: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); border-left: 1px solid var(--line); }
.other-pub-list a { padding: 15px; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0; border-radius: 0; box-shadow: none; }
.other-pub-list a:hover { transform: none; box-shadow: none; background: var(--surface-tint); }
.publication-grid, .publication-list, .gallery-grid, .writing-layout { margin-bottom: 18px; }
.writing-section { grid-template-columns: 176px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 24px; margin-bottom: 27px; }
.writing-section-heading { top: 104px; }
.writing-entry-list { gap: 0; border-top: 2px solid var(--night); }
.writing-entry { gap: 20px; padding: 16px 0; border-width: 0 0 1px; border-radius: 0; box-shadow: none; background: none; }
.writing-entry-copy h3 { font-size: 1.28rem; }
.writing-language-note {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 5px;
  color: var(--river);
  font-size: var(--minimum-text-size);
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.4;
}
.source-logo { border-radius: 0; }
.writing-entry-actions .is-pending,
.writing-entry-actions .is-pending:hover {
  color: var(--muted);
  cursor: not-allowed;
  opacity: .72;
  text-decoration: underline dotted;
  text-underline-offset: 3px;
}
.article-page { max-width: 1040px; }
.long-article { padding-top: 42px; }
.article-hero { padding-bottom: 18px; border-bottom: 2px solid var(--night); }
.article-hero h1 { max-width: none; font-size: clamp(2.1rem, 3vw, 3.15rem); }
.article-source-link {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 4px 7px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: var(--minimum-text-size);
}
.article-source-link .article-source-label { color: var(--night); font-weight: 850; }
.article-source-link a { color: var(--river); font-weight: 850; }
.article-source-link .is-pending { opacity: .72; }
.article-body {
  padding: clamp(20px, 4vw, 40px);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 3px;
  background: #fff;
  box-shadow: 0 18px 48px rgba(17, 54, 58, .07);
  text-align: left;
}
.gallery-grid { gap: 10px; }
.gallery-item { border-radius: 0; box-shadow: none; }
.gallery-item figcaption { border-radius: 1px; }
.generated-tile { background: #e6f0eb; }
.generated-tile.alt { background: #dce9e9; }
.generated-tile.warm { background: #f3ece1; }
.generated-tile.green { background: #e7eee3; }
.editorial-guide { margin: 9px 0 23px; padding: 20px; }
.site-footer {
  width: min(var(--max), calc(100% - var(--page-gutter) - var(--page-gutter)));
  padding: 22px 0 32px;
  background: var(--surface-muted);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 100vmax var(--surface-muted);
  clip-path: inset(0 -100vmax);
}
html[lang="ne"] .timeline details[open] summary::before,
html[lang="ne"] .pub-details[open] summary::before { content: "लुकाउनुहोस्"; }

@media (max-width: 1100px) {
  .metrics-band { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
}
@media (max-width: 1000px) {
  :root {
    --home-hero-heading-size: calc(clamp(2.5rem, 4.4vw, 3.6rem) - 12pt);
  }
  html[lang="en"] { --hero-card-max: 455px; --hero-portrait-height: 326px; }
  html[lang="ne"] { --hero-card-max: 459px; --hero-portrait-height: 329px; }
  .hero { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(300px, .8fr); gap: 25px; }
  .hero h1 { font-size: calc(clamp(2.5rem, 4.4vw, 3.6rem) - 6pt); }
  html[lang="en"] .hero h1 { font-size: calc(clamp(2.5rem, 4.4vw, 3.6rem) - 12pt); }
  html[lang="ne"] .hero h1 { font-size: calc(clamp(2.5rem, 4.4vw, 3.6rem) - 12pt); }
  .hero-visual { width: min(100%, var(--hero-card-max)); min-height: 0; padding: 19px; }
  .portrait-frame { height: var(--hero-portrait-height); }
}
@media (max-width: 900px) {
  html[lang="en"] { --hero-portrait-height: 338px; }
  html[lang="ne"] { --hero-portrait-height: 342px; }
  .site-header { gap: 12px; padding: 10px var(--page-gutter); }
  .brand { flex: 1; min-width: 0; }
  .nav-toggle { display: block; border-radius: 2px; }
  .site-nav {
    top: calc(100% - 1px); right: var(--page-gutter);
    gap: 3px; width: min(310px, calc(100vw - var(--page-gutter) - var(--page-gutter)));
    padding: 12px; border: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-radius: 2px; background: #fff; box-shadow: var(--shadow);
  }
  .site-nav > a { padding: 10px 12px; }
  .site-nav > a.active::after { left: 12px; right: auto; width: 28px; bottom: 5px; }
  .language-switch { margin: 0; padding: 0; border: 0; gap: 4px; }
  .language-switch a { min-height: 44px; }
  .hero { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 26px; padding: 34px 0 29px; }
  .hero-visual { width: min(100%, var(--hero-card-max)); min-height: 0; justify-self: center; }
  .portrait-frame { height: var(--hero-portrait-height); }
  .timeline { gap: 0; }
  .timeline article { grid-template-columns: 165px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 30px; }
  .timeline-meta, .timeline-content { grid-column: auto; }
  .two-column { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 24px; padding: 0; }
  .profiles { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .contact-section { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .writing-section { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 14px; }
  .writing-section-heading { position: static; }
}
@media (max-width: 620px) {
  :root {
    --home-hero-heading-size: calc(clamp(2.3rem, 10vw, 3.2rem) - 12pt);
  }
  html[lang="en"] { --hero-card-max: 455px; --hero-portrait-height: min(82vw, 326px); }
  html[lang="ne"] { --hero-card-max: 459px; --hero-portrait-height: min(83vw, 329px); }
  main, .site-footer { width: min(var(--max), calc(100% - 36px)); }
  .site-header { width: 100%; min-height: 66px; gap: 10px; padding: 9px 18px; }
  .site-nav { right: 18px; width: min(310px, calc(100vw - 36px)); }
  .brand > span:last-child { font-size: .88rem; white-space: normal; line-height: 1.35; }
  .brand > span:last-child::after { display: none; }
  .brand-mark { width: 36px; height: 36px; flex-basis: 36px; }
  h1 { font-size: clamp(2.25rem, 10vw, 3.05rem); }
  h2 { font-size: 1.82rem; }
  .hero { gap: 22px; padding: 28px 0 26px; }
  .hero-copy { display: block; min-height: 0; padding: 0; }
  .hero .eyebrow { margin-bottom: 14px; }
  .hero h1 { font-size: calc(clamp(2.3rem, 10vw, 3.2rem) - 6pt); }
  html[lang="en"] .hero h1 { font-size: calc(clamp(2.3rem, 10vw, 3.2rem) - 12pt); }
  html[lang="ne"] .hero h1 { font-size: calc(clamp(2.3rem, 10vw, 3.2rem) - 12pt); }
  .hero-text { font-size: .98rem; }
  .hero-actions { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 6px; margin-top: 24px; }
  .hero-actions > a,
  .hero-actions > details { min-width: 0; }
  .hero-actions .button { justify-content: center; width: 100%; min-height: 44px; padding: 9px 7px; gap: 5px; font-size: calc(var(--minimum-text-size) - 1pt); white-space: nowrap; }
  .button-label-long { display: none; }
  .button-label-short { display: inline; }
  .hero-assurance { gap: 12px; margin-top: 21px; padding-top: 13px; }
  .hero-assurance strong { font-size: var(--minimum-text-size); }
  .hero-assurance span { font-size: var(--minimum-text-size); }
  .hero-visual { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 10px; width: min(100%, var(--hero-card-max)); margin: 0; padding: 14px; }
  .hero-visual::before { inset: 9px; }
  .portrait-frame { grid-column: 1 / -1; height: var(--hero-portrait-height); }
  .portrait-caption { grid-column: 1 / -1; margin: 2px 0 5px; }
  .metrics-band { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); margin-bottom: 30px; }
  .metrics-band div, .metrics-band a { min-height: 82px; padding: 12px 14px; }
  .metrics-band strong { font-size: calc(1.58rem - 2pt); }
  .metrics-band span { font-size: var(--minimum-text-size); }
  .section-grid, .news-section, .timeline-section, .credentials-section, .two-column, .profiles, .contact-section, .origin-band { margin-bottom: 30px; }
  .focus-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .focus-card { min-height: 0; padding: 18px 20px; }
  .focus-card-image { width: 100%; height: auto; margin: 13px 0 0; padding: 0; }
  .news-item { grid-template-columns: auto 1fr; padding: 8px 0; }
  .timeline article { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 0; }
  .timeline-meta { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: flex-start; gap: 12px; padding: 16px 0 0; }
  .timeline-content { padding: 8px 0 18px; }
  .two-column { gap: 22px; padding: 0; }
  .profiles { gap: 18px; padding: 0; }
  .profile-links { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 26px; }
  .contact-section { gap: 24px; padding: 25px 19px; }
  .contact-form { grid-template-columns: 1fr; padding: 18px; }
  .contact-form label, .contact-form button { grid-column: 1; }
  .origin-band { gap: 15px; padding: 26px 0; }
  .page-hero { padding: 28px 0 20px; }
  .page-hero h1, .publication-hero h1, .writing-hero h1 { font-size: 2rem; }
  .publication-card { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 12px; }
  .pub-visual { max-width: 100%; }
  .other-pub-list { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .writing-entry { gap: 10px; padding: 14px 0; }
  .writing-entry-copy h3 { font-size: 1.12rem; }
  .long-article { padding-top: 28px; }
  .article-hero h1 { font-size: 2.1rem; }
  .article-body { padding: 18px 16px 20px; }
}
@media (min-width: 901px) {
  html[lang="en"] .news-item { grid-template-columns: 72px 166px minmax(0, 1fr); column-gap: 10px; padding: 7px 0; }
  html[lang="en"] .news-tags { grid-template-columns: 116px 44px; gap: 6px; width: 166px; }
  html[lang="en"] .hero .eyebrow { margin-bottom: 11px; }
  html[lang="en"] .hero h1 { margin-bottom: 11px; line-height: 1.08; }
  html[lang="en"] .hero-text { line-height: 1.5; }
  html[lang="en"] .hero-actions { margin-top: 16px; }
  html[lang="en"] .hero-assurance { margin-top: 20px; padding-top: 12px; }
  html[lang="en"] .hero-assurance span { padding: 9px 12px; }
  html[lang="en"] .origin-intro h2 { white-space: nowrap; }
  .writing-entry { grid-template-columns: 204px minmax(0, 1fr); }
  .writing-entry:has(.source-logo) .writing-entry-meta time { white-space: nowrap; }
}
@media (min-width: 1001px) {
  html[lang="en"] .hero { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.19fr) minmax(350px, .81fr); }
  html[lang="ne"] .hero { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.185fr) minmax(350px, .815fr); }
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  *, *::before, *::after { scroll-behavior: auto !important; transition-duration: .01ms !important; animation-duration: .01ms !important; }
}

@media print {
  .quick-menu { display: none !important; }
  .has-quick-menu main,
  .has-quick-menu .site-footer { width: 100%; margin: 0; }
}

/* Match the reference site's 0.88rem minimum for readable supporting text. */
.news-item time,
.news-tag,
.news-new,
.news-toggle,
.timeline-meta span,
.timeline-meta .timeline-date,
.timeline summary,
.timeline details[open] summary::before,
.thesis-link span,
.service-row span,
.service-sublist span,
.service-tags span,
.profile-group-label,
.profile-links a,
.profile-links a > span:last-child,
.contact-form label,
.form-note,
.consulting-profile em,
.consulting-profile small,
.pub-meta,
.pub-visual .pub-meta,
.pub-visual::after,
.pub-actions a,
.pub-details summary,
.pub-details[open] summary::before,
.pub-details dt,
.pub-details dd,
.corresponding-note,
.other-pub-list strong,
.other-pub-type,
.other-pub-meta,
.other-pub-authors,
.writing-entry-meta,
.writing-entry-meta span,
.writing-entry:has(.source-logo) .writing-entry-meta time,
.writing-entry-actions,
.post-list span,
.gallery-item figcaption,
.image-lightbox-title,
.publication-card p,
.site-footer .copyright {
  font-size: var(--minimum-text-size);
}
.news-toggle,
.timeline summary,
.timeline details[open] summary::before,
.pub-details summary,
.pub-details[open] summary::before {
  font-size: calc(var(--minimum-text-size) - 2pt);
}
.timeline details[open] summary,
.pub-details[open] summary {
  font-size: 0;
}
.pub-visual .pub-meta,
.pub-visual::after {
  font-size: calc(var(--minimum-text-size) - 2pt);
}
html[lang="ne"] .pub-visual .pub-meta,
html[lang="ne"] .pub-visual::after {
  font-family: Inter, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", sans-serif;
  font-size: calc(var(--minimum-text-size) - 2pt);
}
.pub-visual { --pub-tag-height: 25px; }

/* Keep the homepage hero as the largest text at every viewport width. */
html[lang="en"] .hero h1,
html[lang="ne"] .hero h1 {
  font-size: var(--home-hero-heading-size);
}
h1 { font-size: min(clamp(2.5rem, 4vw, 4.2rem), var(--secondary-heading-cap)); }
h2 { font-size: var(--section-title-size); }
h3 { font-size: min(1.15rem, var(--secondary-heading-cap)); }
.section-heading > h2 { font-size: var(--section-title-size); }
.section-grid > div:first-child > h2 { font-size: var(--focus-section-title-size); }
.focus-card h3 { font-size: min(var(--focus-card-title-base), calc(var(--focus-section-title-size) - 1pt)); }
.timeline h3 { font-size: min(1.2rem, calc(var(--section-title-size) - 1pt)); }
html[lang="en"] .timeline h3 { font-size: min(calc(1.2rem - 1pt), calc(var(--section-title-size) - 1pt)); }
.two-column .panel > h2 { font-size: var(--panel-title-size); }
.two-column .stacked-list article h3 { font-size: min(1.03rem, calc(var(--panel-title-size) - 1pt)); }
.skill-group h3 { font-size: min(.82rem, calc(var(--panel-title-size) - 1pt)); }
html[lang="ne"] .skill-group h3 { font-size: min(var(--minimum-text-size), calc(var(--panel-title-size) - 1pt)); }
.profiles > div:first-child > h2 { font-size: var(--profile-title-size); }
.contact-intro > h2 { font-size: var(--contact-title-size); }
.origin-intro > h2 { font-size: var(--origin-title-size); }
.page-hero h1,
.publication-hero h1,
.writing-hero h1 { font-size: var(--page-title-size); }
.publication-card h2 { font-size: min(1.25rem, calc(var(--page-title-size) - 1pt)); }
.writing-section-heading h2,
.editorial-guide > h2 { font-size: min(clamp(1.12rem, 1.4vw, 1.35rem), calc(var(--page-title-size) - 1pt)); }
.article-body h2 { font-size: min(clamp(1.12rem, 1.4vw, 1.35rem), calc(var(--article-title-size) - 1pt)); }
.writing-entry-copy h3 { font-size: min(clamp(1.12rem, 1.3vw, 1.28rem), calc(var(--page-title-size) - 1pt)); }
.article-hero h1 { font-size: var(--article-title-size); }
.generated-tile span { font-size: min(2rem, var(--secondary-heading-cap)); }
.image-lightbox-close { font-size: min(1.3rem, var(--secondary-heading-cap)); }
.metrics-band strong {
  font-size: min(clamp(calc(1.58rem - 2pt), 2vw, calc(1.72rem - 2pt)), var(--secondary-heading-cap));
}

@media (max-width: 620px) {
  :root {
    --section-title-size: max(calc(var(--minimum-text-size) + 2pt), calc(min(clamp(1.65rem, 2.35vw, 2.35rem), var(--secondary-heading-cap)) - 2pt));
    --focus-section-title-size: calc(min(clamp(1.7rem, 2.3vw, 2.3rem), var(--secondary-heading-cap)) - 2pt);
    --profile-title-size: calc(min(clamp(1.75rem, 2.4vw, 2.4rem), var(--secondary-heading-cap)) - 2pt);
    --contact-title-size: calc(min(clamp(2.1rem, 3vw, 3rem), var(--secondary-heading-cap)) - 2pt);
    --origin-title-size: calc(min(clamp(1.65rem, 2vw, 2.05rem), var(--secondary-heading-cap)) - 2pt);
    --focus-card-title-base: calc(min(1.24rem, var(--secondary-heading-cap)) - 1pt);
    --panel-title-base: calc(min(1.5rem, var(--secondary-heading-cap)) - 1pt);
  }
  .hero .eyebrow,
  main .section-kicker {
    font-size: calc(var(--section-kicker-size) - 2pt);
  }
}